Wisdom Teeth: What You Need to Know
Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last to emerge, usually between ages 17 and 25. For some, they erupt normally and cause no problems. For others, they lead to crowding, pain, or infections. Understanding wisdom teeth helps patients make informed decisions about removal or monitoring.
Why They Cause Problems
Modern jaws are often too small to accommodate wisdom teeth. They often lack space to grow properly, becoming impacted, growing sideways or only partially erupting. Impacted teeth trap food and bacteria, leading to infections, gum disease, and cavities in nearby teeth. Some wisdom teeth erupt partially, creating flaps of gum tissue that harbor infection. Removing problematic wisdom teeth prevents pain and long-term dental issues.
When Removal Is Recommended
Dentists recommend extraction when wisdom teeth cause pain, swelling, or crowding. Removal is also advised if they threaten orthodontic results or increase risks of cysts. Even if asymptomatic, problematic positioning on X-rays may warrant proactive extraction.
The Extraction Process
Dentists or oral surgeons perform extractions under local anesthesia or sedation. The procedure may involve removing bone or sectioning teeth for easier extraction. Recovery typically takes one to two weeks, with swelling managed through rest, ice packs, and pain relief. Stitches may be placed to aid healing. The procedure typically lasts 45 minutes to an hour, depending on complexity.
Recovery and Aftercare
Patients should rest and avoid strenuous activity for several days. Swelling and mild discomfort are normal, controlled with medication and cold compresses. Soft foods and hydration promote healing. Avoiding smoking, straws, and hard foods prevents dry socket. Full recovery usually takes one to two weeks.
Long-Term Outcomes
Removing problematic wisdom teeth prevents future pain, infections, and misalignment. For patients whose wisdom teeth erupt normally, regular monitoring ensures continued health.
Wisdom teeth often present challenges, but with timely evaluation and treatment, patients maintain healthier smiles. Consulting with a dentist ensures the best outcome for each individual situation.
